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		<description><![CDATA[Creative Network Group - It Business Consultants , Cerified Training and Assestment Center from anad - http://www.hrda.org.cy/ ]]></description>
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			<title><![CDATA[Startup weekend Cyprus at Univeristy of Nicosia ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Startups_"><![CDATA[Startups ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
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			<pubDate>Mon, 08 May 2017 09:15:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[CORE COMPETENCY - ΙΔΙΑΙΤΕΡΕΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΜΑΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=BUSINESS_PERFORMANCE"><![CDATA[BUSINESS PERFORMANCE]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_k3l09pb2"><pre data-placeholder="Translation" data-fulltext=""><div><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs14 ff1">Core</span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs14 ff1"> </span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs14 ff1">Competency</span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs14 ff1"> - <i>'</i></span></b><span class="fs12 ff1"><b><i>ιδιαίτερες εταιρικές ικανότητες</i></b>'</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">Ένας εναρμονισμένος συνδυασμός πολλαπλών πόρων και δεξιοτήτων </span></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">που </span><span class="fs12 ff1">διακρίνουν μια επιχείρηση στην αγορά.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">Οι </span><span class="fs12 ff1"> </span><span class="fs12 ff1">βασικές ιδιαίτερες εταιρικές ικανότητες πληρούν τρία κριτήρια:</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">1. Πρόσβαση σε μια μεγάλη Γκάμα </span><span class="fs12 ff1"> </span><span class="fs12 ff1">αγορών.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">2. ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΗ συμβολή στα αντιληπτά οφέλη των πελατών του τελικού προϊόντος/υπηρεσίας. </span><span class="fs12 ff1"> &nbsp;</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">3. Δύσκολο να μιμηθούν οι ανταγωνιστές.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">Ο εντοπισμός και η ανάπτυξη του δικού σας Εταιρικού – </span><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs12 ff1"> </span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs12 ff1">CORE</span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs12 ff1"> </span></b><b class="fs12 ff2"><span class="fs12 ff1">COMPETENCY</span></b></div><div><span class="fs12 ff1">είναι </span><span class="fs12 ff1">καθοριστικό για </span><span class="fs12 ff1"> </span><span class="fs12 ff1">την επιχειρηματική </span><span class="fs12 ff1">σας απόδοση και μετεξέλιξη.</span></div><div><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/crm-seminar----april-25-2017.html" rel="author" class="imCssLink" onclick="return x5engine.utils.location('http://www.cng.webgofast.com/crm-seminar----april-25-2017.html', null, false)">[image:image-0]</a><br></div><div><a href="https://hbr.org/1990/05/the-core-competence-of-the-corporation" class="imCssLink">[image:image-1]</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="fs12 ff2"> </span></div></pre></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 21 Apr 2017 08:40:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Inbound Marketing - «εισερχόμενo μάρκετινγκ»]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=e-Marketing"><![CDATA[e-Marketing]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_m9np8qdo"><div>

</div><div><span class="fs24 ff1">Inbound
Marketing</span></div><div>

</div><div><span class="fs18 ff1">Ο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">όρος</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">«</span><span class="fs18 ff1">εισερχόμενo</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μάρκετινγκ</span><span class="fs18 ff1">»</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">επινοήθηκε</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">από</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">τον</span><span class="fs18 ff1">
CEO HubSpot Brian Halligan .</span></div><div>

</div><div><span class="fs18 ff1">Σε</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">σχέση</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">με το</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">εξερχόμενο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μάρκετινγκ</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,
το </span><span class="fs18 ff1">εισερχόμενο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">αντιστρέφει</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">τη</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">σχέση</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μεταξύ</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">της</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">εταιρείας</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">και</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">του</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">πελάτη</span><span class="fs18 ff1">.
</span></div><div>

</div><div><span class="fs18 ff1">Στην</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">πραγματικότητα</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,
</span><span class="fs18 ff1">ενώ</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> το
</span><span class="fs18 ff1">εξερχόμενο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μάρκετινγκ</span><span class="fs18 ff1">
έχει σκοπό </span><span class="fs18 ff1">να</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">προωθήσει</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> &nbsp;</span><span class="fs18 ff1">τα </span><span class="fs18 ff1">προϊόντα η τις υπηρεσίες</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μέσω</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">διαφόρων</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">συμβατικών καναλιών</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> &nbsp;</span><span class="fs18 ff1">(</span><span class="fs18 ff1">poster</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,</span><span class="fs18 ff1">Billboards</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,</span><span class="fs18 ff1">radio</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,</span><span class="fs18 ff1">TV</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">κ</span><span class="fs18 ff1">.</span><span class="fs18 ff1">λπ)</span><span class="fs18 ff1">,</span></div><div>

</div><div><span class="fs18 ff1">Το</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">εισερχόμενο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">μάρκετινγκ</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">δημιουργεί</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">την</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">ευαισθητοποίηση
και την συναισθηματική σύνδεση </span><span class="fs18 cf1 ff1">πελάτη-εταιρίας </span><span class="fs18 ff1">,
</span><span class="fs18 ff1">και</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">βοηθά</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">προσελκύει</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> και
να εποικοινωνήσει με νέους και υφιστάμενους </span><span class="fs18 ff1">πελάτες</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">με</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">νέα</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">κανάλια</span><span class="fs18 ff1">, </span><span class="fs18 ff1">όπως</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">τα</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> blogs, social media, </span><span class="fs18 ff1">το</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">ηλεκτρονικό</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">ταχυδρομείο</span><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span><span class="fs18 ff1">κ</span><span class="fs18 ff1">.</span><span class="fs18 ff1">λπ</span></div><div><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/e-marketing-----28-3-2017.php" class="imCssLink inline-block" onclick="return x5engine.utils.location('http://www.cng.webgofast.com/e-marketing-----28-3-2017.php', null, false)"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/inbound-marketing-graphic.png"  title="" alt=""/></a><br></div><div>

</div><div><b><i><span class="fs18 ff1"> </span></i></b></div><div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 30 Mar 2017 14:32:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Ti είανι το Business process Management (BPM)]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Busineess_Process_management"><![CDATA[Busineess Process management]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_jy3lf570"><div> &nbsp;</div><div><pre data-placeholder="Translation" data-fulltext=""><span class="fs12 ff1">To (BPM) είναι η εφαρμοσμένη μέδοδος διαχείρισης που αποσκοπεί &nbsp;στη βελτίωση της εταιρικής απόδοσης,</span><br></pre><pre data-placeholder="Translation" data-fulltext=""><span class="fs12 ff1">μεσω από την βελτιστοποίηση των επιχειρηματικών διαδικασιών μιας εταιρείας</span></pre></div><div><span class="fs14">τα εργαλεία του (</span><span class="fs14">BPM</span><span class="fs14">) είναι. </span><br></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fs12 ff2">v</span><span class="fs12 ff2"> &nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span class="fs12 ff3">Ανάλυση Διαδικασιών (Analysis)</span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fs12 ff2">v</span><span class="fs12 ff2"> &nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span class="fs12 ff3">Ορισμός Διαδικασιών (Definition)</span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fs12 ff2">v</span><span class="fs12 ff2"> &nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span class="fs12 ff3">Εκτέλεση Διαδικασιών (Workflow &amp; Automation)</span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fs12 ff2">v</span><span class="fs12 ff2"> &nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span class="fs12 ff3">Παρακολούθηση Διαδικασιών (Process Monitoring)</span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="fs12 ff2">v</span><span class="fs12 ff2"> &nbsp;</span><!--[endif]--><span class="fs12 ff3">Απόδοση Διαδικασιών (Process Performance)</span></div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/-e-branding----jan-24--2017-.html" class="imCssLink inline-block" onclick="return x5engine.utils.location('http://www.cng.webgofast.com/-e-branding----jan-24--2017-.html', null, false)"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/BPM-2.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></a><br></div><div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2017 17:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[ONLINE BRANDING (e-Branding)]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=e-Branding"><![CDATA[e-Branding]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_03eje5ia"><div> &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/building-brand.jpg"  title="" alt=""/><br></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs14"><span style="line-height: 23px;"><span style="line-height: 28px;">Μέσα από τη</span><span style="line-height: 23px;">ν εταιρική ταυτότητα </span></span><span style="line-height: 25px;"><span style="text-align: justify; line-height: 31px;">Μια επιχείρηση γίνεται ευκολότερα ορατή, αναγνωρίσιμη και αποκτά φήμη. Η εταιρική ταυτότητα δεν επηρεάζει μόνο την εικόνα που διαμορφώνουν οι </span><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 31px;">πελάτες</span></b><span style="text-align: justify; line-height: 31px;"> αλλά και την εικόνα όλων όσων σχετίζωνται με την εταιρία:</span></span></span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs14"><span style="line-height: 23px;">το όραμα και η κουλτούρα της επιχείρησης μετατρέπονται σε </span><span style="line-height: 28px;">Μοναδική Πρόταση Επιχειρησιακής Αξίας </span></span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs14"><span style="line-height: 28px;" class="cf1">“Unique Organizational Value Proposition”</span><span style="line-height: 28px;"><span class="cf1"> </span> </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div> &nbsp;</div><div><span class="fs14">To online Branding &nbsp;περιλαμβάνει όλες τις δραστηριότητες που μια επιχείρηση διεξάγει μέσω του παγκόσμιου ιστού (WEB) , με στόχο την προσέλκυση νέων πελατών , προβολή την εταιρείας &nbsp;και βελτιστοποίηση της εταιρικής της &nbsp;ταυτότητας (brand awareness) με απώτερο στόχο την ανάπτυξη των πωλήσεων με την αύξηση πιστών πελατών</span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="fs14"> </span></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><span class="fs14">Η υφιστάμενη διαδικτυακή παρουσία, οι σύνηθες τρόποι προώθησης και η ανάμειξη μας στα κοινωνικά δίκτυα, είναι αρκετές φορές αυθόρμητη και προσωπική και τις περισσότερες φορές ανεπαρκής ,χωρίς &nbsp;τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα.</span></div><div><br></div><div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><span class="fs14">Η δημιουργία μιας βελτιωμένης &nbsp;αποτελεσματικής και εξατομικευμένης &nbsp;στρατηγικής online Branding που καλύπτει όλο τα φάσμα των διαδικτυακών &nbsp;μεθόδων &nbsp;Παρουσίασης ,επικοινωνίας και &nbsp;προώθησης (Εταιρική ιστοσελίδα,Blog,κοινωνικά δίκτυα,media,email, Messenger(s) , web chat) , έιναι η συνταγή της επιτυχίας του "<i><span class="cf1">BRANDING ONLINE </span><span class="cf2">"</span></i><span class="cf2">.</span> &nbsp;</span></div><div><img class="image-2" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/branding-5.png"  title="" alt=""/><br></div><div><div>http://learn.addshoppers.com/2016/ecommerce-benchmark-report?utm_source=email&amp;utm_campaign=2016email1&amp;utm_medium=email#</div></div><div> &nbsp;</div><div><span class="ff1"> </span></div><div></div></div><div></div></div><div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Sat, 07 Jan 2017 17:23:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Web page Secrets by Vodahost]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=web_Page_Design_"><![CDATA[web Page Design ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_mo64n50w">Promote your web side on-line, combine all the elements. (content, graphics, seo rules , video and more..) To get the best result.<div>Vodahost give us full list of detailed hints,</div><div>Enjoy </div><div><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/files/thesecrets.pdf" onmouseover="x5engine.imTip.Show(this, { text: 'Secrets of On line promotion ', width: 180});" class="imCssLink inline-block"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/responsive-sm.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></a><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 22 Sep 2016 14:21:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Responsive web - Get it Right NOW!]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Web_Page_Design_"><![CDATA[Web Page Design ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_013b06e1"><div><span class="ff1">More and more people are using smart phones or tablets to access the internet, and many businesses do not realize <em>how many</em> people are accessing their website through mobile devices.</span></div><div> </div><div><span class="ff1">Having an interactive, responsive website that works with phones and tablets is essential.</span></div><div> </div><div><span class="ff1">Discussing topics like increased use of mobiles, mentioning the &nbsp;future of their business, changing the tide of bad numbers, and reading &nbsp;between the lines will help web designers talk to businesses about &nbsp;responsive web design.</span></div><div><span class="ff1"><a href="http://internetbusinessmastermind.com/convincing-small-businesses-start-using-responsive-web-design" target="_blank" class="imCssLink inline-block"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/responsive-boy.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></a> have a look of what is looks like <br></span></div><div><div><span class="ff1">https://www.company119.com/</span></div></div><div><span class="ff1">If you can Show it you can SELL IT!</span></div><div><span class="ff1">We can give you all the tools and Tips to go further and get it right the first time.</span></div><div><span class="ff1">Welcome !</span></div><div><br></div><div><div><span class="ff1"><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/web--design----sept-27-28-29---30-2016.html" class="imCssLink inline-block" onclick="return x5engine.utils.location('http://www.cng.webgofast.com/web--design----sept-27-28-29---30-2016.html', null, false)"><img class="image-1" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/automation2.png"  title="" alt=""/></a></span></div></div><div><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 31 Aug 2016 14:53:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Responsive Web Page Design - Make sure your Content is readable  on All Devices ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Web_Page_Design_"><![CDATA[Web Page Design ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_nxhyf4kk"><span class="fs16">If your website doesn’t read well on those devices, you’re losing a huge chunk of mobile users. It’s time to embrace responsive design. Getting started can get complicated, but here are some tips to help.</span><div><br></div><div><a href="http://uxmovement.com/mobile/10-tips-to-get-you-started-with-responsive-design/" onclick="return x5engine.imShowBox({ swipeImg: 'http://www.cng.webgofast.com/res/imSwipe.png', closeImg: 'http://www.cng.webgofast.com/res/imClose.png', startIndex: 0, media:[{type: 'iframe', url: 'http://uxmovement.com/mobile/10-tips-to-get-you-started-with-responsive-design/', width: 800, height: 600, description: 'Resposive We b design TIPS '}]}, 0, this);" class="imCssLink inline-block"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/responsive-design-1.png"  title="" alt=""/></a><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Sun, 27 Mar 2016 11:36:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=nxhyf4kk</link>
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			<title><![CDATA[SEO ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ   ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=SEO_"><![CDATA[SEO ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_77bt5yix"><div> &nbsp;</div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong class="fs24 cf1">Website Serch Engine and Directory </strong><span class="fs24"><b><span class="cf1">Submission </span></b></span><strong class="fs13">By submitting your website </strong></div><div><strong class="fs13">to top quality <strong>S.E.O.-friendly </strong>search &nbsp;engines and directories, you are creating quality one-way links &nbsp;directly to your website. This will get you indexed fast and is &nbsp;considered a critical first step in achieving a high search engine &nbsp;ranking.</strong></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong><span class="fs24 cf1">Link Baiting</span> &nbsp;is designed to get you a huge amount of &nbsp;ever increasing backlinks and will drive a massive </strong></div><div><strong>large amount of &nbsp;traffic to your website through a regime of compelling blog posts and &nbsp;Social Bookmarking.</strong><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong><br></strong></div><div><strong><span class="fs24 cf1">Blog Backlinks</span> </strong><span class="fs13"><b> Post comments, each containing a link to your website, on various blogs throughout the Internet.</b></span></div><div><span class="fs13"><b><br></b></span></div><div><span class="fs24 cf1"><b>Forum Backlinks </b></span><b class="fs13">Forum backlinking is an effective SEO technique that redirect visitors &nbsp;to our page(S) through links created in &nbsp;Internet &nbsp;Forum</b><b class="fs13"> profiles</b><b>. Each and &nbsp;every forum profile needs to &nbsp;contain a signature that, in turn, &nbsp;contains links which point back to our website.</b></div><div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2015 15:47:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=77bt5yix</link>
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			<title><![CDATA[ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ  ΕΠIΤΥΧΟΥΣ  ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗΣ CRM ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_i8f7ec35"><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/files/crm-strategy.pdf" class="imCssLink inline-block"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/Slide1.JPG"  title="" alt=""/></a><div><img class="image-1" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/Slide2.JPG"  title="" alt=""/><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2015 12:31:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Business Productivity Tools For startups ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[Biliana Devic]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=e-business"><![CDATA[e-business]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_i5q04a72"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>9 FREE PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS</div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://tweakyourbiz.com/technology/2013/04/08/9-free-business-productivity-tools-for-startups/?utm_source=outbrain&utm_medium=promo&utm_content=outbrain&utm_campaign=Outbrain" class="imCssLink inline-block"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/productivity-tools.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2015 12:14:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[Encouraging Adult Learning ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[Ευρωπαϊκού Δικτύου ReferNet]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Life_Learning_"><![CDATA[Life Learning ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_e6ah2sy7"><div>  </div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype  id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"  path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">  <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke>  <v:formulas>   <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f>   <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f>  </v:formulas>  <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path>  <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></o:lock> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:532.5pt;  height:42.75pt'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg"   o:title=""></v:imagedata> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs19 cf1 ff1">BRIEFING</span><span class="fs19 cf1 ff1"> </span><span class="fs19 cf1 ff1">NOTE</span></b></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs37 ff1">Encouragin</span><span class="fs37 ff1">g</span><span class="fs37 ff1"> </span><span class="fs37 ff1">adul</span><span class="fs37 ff1">t</span><span class="fs37 ff1"> </span><span class="fs37 ff1">learning</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs15">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs21 ff1">Despite</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">improvements,</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">adult</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">learning</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">still</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">needs</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">to</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">become</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">more </span><span class="fs21 ff1">attractive,</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">inclusive,</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">accessible</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">and</span><span class="fs21 ff1"> </span><span class="fs21 ff1">flexible</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs15 ff2"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Brug</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">commun</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">qué </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">),</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">part</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fram</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rk</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Europ</span><span class="ff1">ea</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Union</span><span class="ff1">’</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(EU’s)</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">olicy on</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">cati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nal ed</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">cation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">traini</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(V</span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">T),</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">set</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ut</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a vision</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ke conti</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">uing VET</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(a key</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">art</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">earn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re attractive,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">clusive,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ac</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ssible,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fl</span><span class="ff1">ex</span><span class="ff1">ible.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Agre</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">D</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">10, </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">he </span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">pe</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">C</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">mmis</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n, Memb</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">States</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">soc</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">al</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">part</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ers end</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rsed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e com</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">uni</span><span class="ff1">q</span><span class="ff1">ué</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">vision</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">Ju</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">15</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">R</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ga</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">si</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ns </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">). </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">So </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">what </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">are </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">the </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">tr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nds </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">adult</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">what</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">can</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">we</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">do</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ke</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Bru</span><span class="ff1">ge</span><span class="ff1">s vision a r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ality?</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs19">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">learning:</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">more</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">attractive?</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">The </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">U</span><span class="ff1">’s </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nch</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ark </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">lifelong</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">ning </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s that adult learning is faili</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g to bec</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">me </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ore attr</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">tive. The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nch</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ark,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">by</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">lab</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">force s</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rvey (LFS),</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">that 15%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">dul</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">ed betw</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">en</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">25 a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">64 sh</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">uld</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">artici</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ating</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in lifelong</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learning</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">by</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">20</span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0. H</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">wever,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">data</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">ow</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">artici</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ll</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">from</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">9.3%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">2007</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">9%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">12.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">I</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">cr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">as</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">10.</span><span class="ff1">5</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">13</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">10.7%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">20</span><span class="ff1">14,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">due</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">atist</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cal chan</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">e,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">are</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ot com</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">arable with</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">revio</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">years</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd, in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">any</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ev</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nt, rema</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n well </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">elow the tar</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">et (Fig</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">re 1).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Other</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">asur</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">par</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">icipati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">learni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g reveal p</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">sit</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ve develop</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ents. The </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">dult educati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">urvey (AES),</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">observed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">rease</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in parti</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learning from</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">34.8%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2007</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">4</span><span class="ff1">0.8%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">201</span><span class="ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">. The continu</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">vocation</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">training s</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rvey</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(CVT</span><span class="ff1">S</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1">, wh</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">as</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">res</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">rain</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enterpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">es</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">also</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">recor</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s an </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">incre</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">se</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">in </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">employee</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">partici</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ation</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">in </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">continui</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g training</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rses</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">from</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">33% to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">38%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">guided</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n- the-job</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">train</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fr</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">16%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">20%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">we</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">05</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">2010.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1026"  style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:49.6pt; 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 left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:305.6pt;margin-top:8.5pt;width:242.45pt;  height:153.6pt;z-index:-251661824;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'  coordorigin="6112,170" coordsize="4849,3072">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:6116;   top:170;width:4824;height:3072'>   <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.png"    o:title=""></v:imagedata>  </v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;   left:6112;top:334;width:4849;height:2770'>   <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"    o:title=""></v:imagedata>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><b><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">2007</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">‐</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">12, </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">E</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">U (</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">%</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">)</span></b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div><div><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/learning.png"  title="" alt=""/><br></div></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><i class="fs13"><span class="fs16 ff3">Sourc</span><span class="fs16 ff3">e</span></i><span class="fs16 ff3">: </span><span class="fs16 ff3">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff3">Labour</span><span class="fs16 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 ff3">force</span><span class="fs16 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 ff3">s</span><span class="fs16 ff3">u</span><span class="fs16 ff3">r</span><span class="fs16 ff3">ve</span><span class="fs16 ff3">y,</span><span class="fs16 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 ff3">Eurostat.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs15">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Com</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ns</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">over</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ti</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e are</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">mited </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd sh</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">uld </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e treated with</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">cauti</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Dis</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">arities ar</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e beca</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">se</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ch survey m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">asur</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s thin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">s d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">fferently (Box), in part</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">ul</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">r the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">per</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">od</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in wh</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">tra</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">takes pl</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">what co</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">nts </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s n</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n-for</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">al le</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">ning </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">3</span><span class="ff1">).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Although</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">int</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ntional</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">str</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">ctured</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">aim</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">f acquiring</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ski</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ls</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">current or</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">future</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">job</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">job-related non-f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rmal</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">earn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">oft</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">does</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ot</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">lead</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">a recogn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d qualification. But</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">no</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">-formal le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng matters. </span><span class="ff1">M</span><span class="ff1">ost adult le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng in t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e EU is </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">on-f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rm</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">l, job-related </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">and </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">employer-spon</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ored. </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">The </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">AES </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">2011</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fou</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">non-formal learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">was 36.8%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">but</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ly</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">6.2%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">formal</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learning. The CVTS a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">so ind</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">hat much of the le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">y employe</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ent</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rises</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">is non-for</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">al.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Despite</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">its releva</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to conti</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">uing</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">V</span><span class="ff1">ET</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">polic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">es </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">its statistical import</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nce, guided o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">-th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">-job traini</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g is not specifi</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d in the LFS indicat</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">CVT</span><span class="ff1">S</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">als</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">suggest</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">ha</span><span class="ff1">t </span><span class="ff1">enterpris</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">providing </span><span class="ff1">mor</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">aining</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Despit</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ec</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">tur</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">ween</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1028"  style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:311.45pt;  margin-top:23.65pt;width:241pt;height:0;z-index:-251662848;  mso-position-horizontal-relative:page' coordorigin="6229,473" coordsize="4820,0">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1029" style='position:absolute;left:6229;top:473;width:4820;   height:0' coordorigin="6229,473" coordsize="4820,0" path="m6229,473r4821,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#41aadf" strokeweight=".64pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="ff1">2005 </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">010, </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">ent</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">’ </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">direct </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">ex</span><span class="ff1">penditure </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">3</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Cedefop </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">(forthcoming). </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">Job-relat</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ult</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">arn</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ng</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d conti</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ui</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">g vo</span><span class="fs16 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 ff1">atio</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">al</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">tra</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ni</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">g in</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Eur</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">pe:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">statistical picture</span></i><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span>    <br clear="all"><span class="fs15 ff2"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">training rema</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ned</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">st</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ble</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">at</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1">7%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">total</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">labour c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">sts. Over</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">me</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">riod, work</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ti</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">spent</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">tra</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng incre</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">sed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fr</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">nine</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">10 hours</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">er</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">em</span><span class="ff1">ployed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rs</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n, while</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">‘tra</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ning incid</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nce’,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">pr</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rtion of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enterpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s providi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g tra</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ning, also </span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">from 60% to 66%. When the ec</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nom</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c cris</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s b</span><span class="ff1">eg</span><span class="ff1">an, so</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">M</span><span class="ff1">emb</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r States lau</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ch</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">gram</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">es</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to prevent</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">j</span><span class="ff1">ob</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">sses,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ncl</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">di</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g schem</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to combine shor</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">-time worki</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g with</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">traini</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g. To</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">what</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ext</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nt</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enterpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">carried out more train</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">g due to these schem</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s is </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ot sh</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">n by the data.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Train</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">de</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ce</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">vari</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s with</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enter</span><span class="ff1">pr</span><span class="ff1">ise</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ze (lar</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">e enter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">are</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">efined as</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">aving 250</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ore employe</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">medium</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">50</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">249</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">emp</span><span class="ff1">loy</span><span class="ff1">ees</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">all</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">4</span><span class="ff1">9</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">pl</span><span class="ff1">oy</span><span class="ff1">ee</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">I</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">10</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">ti</span><span class="ff1">ci</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">at</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nt</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">training co</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">5</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">empl</span><span class="ff1">oy</span><span class="ff1">ees</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ma</span><span class="ff1">ll enter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">but</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">46%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">those</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">lar</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">e ones.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Rais</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">g partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">arn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">pe</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ds on</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">creas</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng </span><span class="ff1">con</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">V</span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">T</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">al</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">-s</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">z</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape  id="_x0000_s1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;  text-align:left;margin-left:43.2pt;margin-top:9.6pt;width:254.4pt;height:427.25pt;  z-index:-251660800;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.png"   o:title=""></v:imagedata>  <w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Box</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1.</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Different</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">s</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">u</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">r</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">v</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">e</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ys</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">on </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">d</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">u</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">lt l</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">e</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">r</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ni</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ng</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">indicator</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">om</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ur</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">force</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">surv</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y (</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">L</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">FS)</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">covers all</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ad</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">lts a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ed </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">en</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">25 </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nd</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">64</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">(empl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ed</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">, une</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">and</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">om</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">cal</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">active</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">It</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">counts partic</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">formal</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">non-for</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">al</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ucati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d train</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">in</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d of</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ur</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">eks</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pr</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">to</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rv</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">. </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">W</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ithin the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">no</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">-formal com</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">po</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nent, it con</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ers vari</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s of tau</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ht</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">lear</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g activ</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ties but </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">oes </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t exp</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">icit</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y incl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">de</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">gu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">on-the-</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">j</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ob tra</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ni</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">. </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he indi</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">tor data is </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">avai</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">le</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">al</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nch</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">arks</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the EU’s e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ucati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">and trai</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">020 strate</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">indicator</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">from</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">educat</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">on</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rv</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y (AES) covers a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ults be</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">en</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">25 a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d 64</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">(empl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d, une</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">and</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">om</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">cal</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">active</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">It</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">counts partic</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">formal</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">non-for</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">al</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ucati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d train</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n a </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d of 12 </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">onths pr</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r to</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the surv</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">. </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">W</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ithin the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">-</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">formal com</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ent,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">it</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">counts and </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">x</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">licit</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y specif</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rticipat</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">on</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n tra</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">urses,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ded</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">on-t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e- job tra</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rksh</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s, seminars, a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d pri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ate less</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ns. </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he AES is </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ca</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rried out periodi</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">all</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the latest surve</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">re </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n 20</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">7 (pilot) </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nd </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">01</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">contin</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ing</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">vocati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">tra</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ni</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g sur</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ve</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y (</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">C</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">V</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">S)</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">covers emp</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">lo</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ees</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">of all </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ges </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">terprises</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">th </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">0 a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d mo</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e emp</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">lo</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ees</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">most</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">sectors</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">eco</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">xc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ing the prima</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ctor, pub</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ic</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">adm</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">istrati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n, health </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d edu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ati</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n). </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">CV</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">S</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">includes</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">formal</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">non-formal lea</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ni</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g but d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">es not disti</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">gu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">sh be</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">en t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">em. Its</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">de defi</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ition</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> le</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">arn</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">inc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">de</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">train</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ng </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ou</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ses,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">gu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d on-the</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">-</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">job</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">tra</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ni</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rk</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s, sem</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">nars,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">confer</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ces, qu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">li</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ircles, </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">job-rotat</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">on, </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">seco</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ments, </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">exc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ges and</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ed</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">lf-direc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ed</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rni</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">CV</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">S</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">is</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">carried</span></div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">ere</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rag</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> s</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">. The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">CV</span><span class="ff1">TS</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ndi</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">tes </span><span class="ff1">that,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">between 2005</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">10,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">traini</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">inci</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">rose from</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">91%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to 93%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">large,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">from</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">7</span><span class="ff1">9</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">81%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for medium </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd from 55% to </span><span class="ff1">6</span><span class="ff1">3% for small</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs19">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">learning:</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">more</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">inclusive?</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">U a</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ms not</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nly</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">cre</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">se but br</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ad</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">earn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">In</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">all</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Me</span><span class="ff1">mber</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Stat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">, young</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r, m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re h</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ghly q</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">alified a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ults employ</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n skil</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ed</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">occ</span><span class="ff1">up</span><span class="ff1">ations</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ost</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">likely</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pate</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">in adult learning</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(Figures 2 </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd 3).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Th</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">AE</span><span class="ff1">S </span><span class="ff1">show</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">participatio</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">non</span><span class="ff1">-</span><span class="ff1">fo</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">mal</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">job-rel</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ted </span><span class="ff1">learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">some</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">o a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a half</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ti</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">es hig</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">er</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r employed th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n unemp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">oy</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d adults (Fi</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">ure </span><span class="ff1">4</span><span class="ff1">). Over</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ll, low</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rtic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">dult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng emph</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">is</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">inequalities</span><span class="ff1">: </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">ountrie</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">wit</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fewe</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">opport</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">nitie</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fo</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ult </span><span class="ff1">learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng ha</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the grea</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">est</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">eq</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">alities</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ac</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss. Comparing</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">he</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2007</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2011</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">AES </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">urve</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s not</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ap</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ear</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">have</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">ec</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">me</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">si</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">nific</span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">tly more inclusi</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs19">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">learning:</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">more</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">accessi</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">bl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e and flexible?</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Re</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">uc</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng o</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">stac</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">es to p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rticipating in </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">dult learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s a key European pol</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">y aim. </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">In 2011, the AES found that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">st</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">com</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">on</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">bst</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pating in adult learni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g were lack of time because of family responsibilities</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(21</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nfl</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cting</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">work schedules (18%), foll</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">wed by c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">sts </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="ff1">13%). The </span><span class="ff1">20</span><span class="ff1">11 CVTS a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">so sh</span><span class="ff1">ow</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rou</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">rd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">employ</span><span class="ff1">er</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">all</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">z</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">do</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">not provide</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">train</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng d</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">are that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">they</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">lack</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">time, money or </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">oth (Fig</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">re </span><span class="ff1">5</span><span class="ff1">).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">H</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">wever, the 20</span><span class="ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">0 CVTS found</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">at</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ma</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n re</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n quoted</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">by</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">77% </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">of </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">enterpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">not </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rovid</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng training was beca</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">se skil</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">atc</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">ed </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ee</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Th</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s can be</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">influe</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d by</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">wheth</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rises s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">training as a mediu</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">- or </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ong-t</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rm in</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">estment f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r competitiven</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">innovati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">A</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Eurobarometer</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">13</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">found</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">t</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">51%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">EU </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rises</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">nvesting</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">tra</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">ing</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">exp</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ct</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e benefits</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to la</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">t less</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">than two years. An enter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rise</span><span class="ff1">’</span><span class="ff1">s pro</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ucti</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">etho</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and markets</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">so play</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">role;</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w skil</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">hi</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">mechan</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">routine</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">pr</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ducti</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">found or</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">rep</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ac</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d e</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">sily on the labo</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">r market (</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">4</span><span class="ff1">).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Neither the AES nor CVTS indi</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">ate a lack</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of relevant training</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">prov</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ion.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">AES</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2011</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">found</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">only</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">6.1% of adults saying that no tra</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ning was off</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">red in the</span></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">out </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">al</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y. </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">he </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">latest </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rv</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ried </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">out </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">in</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></u></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">the 12 mon</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">hs of cale</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">dar</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ars 20</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">5 a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">010.</span></div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">4</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Ce</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 ff1">op</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">01</span><span class="fs16 ff1">3</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">Be</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">efits</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">vocat</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">on</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ucati</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">nd </span><span class="fs16 ff1">tra</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">nin</span><span class="fs16 ff1">g</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">E</span><span class="fs16 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 ff1">rop</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">fo</span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">peo</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">,</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">orga</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">is</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">co</span><span class="fs16 ff1">un</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ri</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">s</span></i><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><span class="fs19 ff2"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Figure</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">2. </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><b><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Participation rates of adults</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">in e</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">d</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ucation and trai</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">n</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ing, by their</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">highest level of education, EU, 2</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">0</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">11 (</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">%</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">)</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape  id="_x0000_s1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;  text-align:left;margin-left:44pt;margin-top:-136.8pt;width:241pt;height:136.9pt;  z-index:-251657728;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.jpg"   o:title=""></v:imagedata>  <w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Sour</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">e: </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Adu</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">ca</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">tio</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">surve</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">y</span></i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ble</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">stance.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">T</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">CVTS</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">rep</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rted that,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2010, only</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rou</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d 10%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of ent</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">uld not</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the training</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1">ses they w</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">look</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng for.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">However, both the AES</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and the C</span><span class="ff1">V</span><span class="ff1">TS found litt</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e ch</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nge over time</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">type</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">evel</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of o</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">stac</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">t peop</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and enter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">faced,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">mplying</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">t acc</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">bility has </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ot ch</span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">ged very m</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">ch.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">There</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">evidence</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">flex</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">bili</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">pe</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">training provid</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">M</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ent</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">all</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">sizes</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">provid</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ot</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">er forms</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">ning.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">F</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ex</span><span class="ff1">am</span><span class="ff1">ple,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">26%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">employe</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n large </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">ent</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">pr</span><span class="ff1">is</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rtic</span><span class="ff1">ip</span><span class="ff1">ated </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">gui</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ed </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">-th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">-j</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">b training</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">10,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">21%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">005,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">cord</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">g to the CVTS. For small en</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">er</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rises, the </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ncre</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">se was </span><span class="ff1">fro</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">0</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">00</span><span class="ff1">5</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">1</span><span class="ff1">4</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">2010</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Alt</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">erall </span><span class="ff1">incre</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">se is</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">welco</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e, there</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">is little information on h</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w different for</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s of learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">nter</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ct or </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">combi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ed.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs19">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Adul</span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">le</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ning</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">:</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">pol</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">cie</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">mak</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">it</span></b></div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">attractive</span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">inclusive</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">,</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">accessibl</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">an</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">flexible</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">The EU</span><span class="ff1">’</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">lifelong le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">chm</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rk </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">oes </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ot tell the </span><span class="ff1">whol</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">stor</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">bou</span><span class="ff1">t </span><span class="ff1">dev</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ment</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">continuin</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">VE</span><span class="ff1">T </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rni</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Other surv</span><span class="ff1">ey</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ind</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cate some</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ro</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss, particul</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rly</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">cr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">as</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng part</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cipati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n by</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">individ</span><span class="ff1">ua</span><span class="ff1">ls and provisi</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">by enterpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">. Follow</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">g the Brug</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s com</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">uni</span><span class="ff1">q</span><span class="ff1">ué,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Member</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">St</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">tes</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">have</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">forc</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">efforts </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o </span><span class="ff1">encourag</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">particip</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">tio</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">lif</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">on</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">lea</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">ning</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">inclu</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g institutional</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">policy</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1">or</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">These chan</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">es wi</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">l take</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">time</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to have</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">effect</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and cou</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">bring</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ore positive r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">sul</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">s. But progr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">wards t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e vision of the Brug</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">om</span><span class="ff1">muniq</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">é</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ha</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">een</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">limi</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">ed,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">not le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">t beca</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">se,</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">high</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">uth</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">un</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">mp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">oyment,</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ny</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1034"  style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:49.6pt;  margin-top:26.45pt;width:241pt;height:0;z-index:-251659776;  mso-position-horizontal-relative:page' coordorigin="992,529" coordsize="4820,0">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1035" style='position:absolute;left:992;top:529;width:4820;   height:0' coordorigin="992,529" coordsize="4820,0" path="m992,529r4821,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#41aadf" strokeweight=".64pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">ntri</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s ha</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e foc</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">sed </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n improvi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g initial VET </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">5</span><span class="ff1">).</span></div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Most</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ntinu</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">VET</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">other</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">f adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g do not lead </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a qualification, wh</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">h </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ay discoura</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">e partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pation. Opp</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rtuniti</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">validate</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">all types</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n- formal</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">nformal</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">ning,</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">incl</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">that</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">taking place</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">at</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">work,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">so</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">it</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">counts</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">towar</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">recogn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d qualification and/or</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">oth</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learning p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">thways</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">cou</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">d encourage </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ore p</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ople to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">partic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">pate in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">CVET.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Major chal</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">eng</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">in,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">despite pro</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in developi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">alidation sys</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">M</span><span class="ff1">any</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ack</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">re</span><span class="ff1">ne</span><span class="ff1">ss of,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">or</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">cess</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">validati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rvices. Most</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">vali</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ation syste</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s are not com</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">eh</span><span class="ff1">ensi</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e, but are coll</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ctio</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of initiatives a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d pr</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ur</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">. Many e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">terpr</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s use validation,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">ut</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">se</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">dom</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">teract with</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">ublic</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">ste</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s. Co</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">quentl</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">rout</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to further ed</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">cation re</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n cl</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd social r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">nition</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">validat</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">on</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">is</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">To raise</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">its status,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rn</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rs need</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ore </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">cessib</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d better </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">da</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ce</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rvices.</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">Co</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">tinuing </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">V</span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">T qualifications also</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ne</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">integrat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">into</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">natio</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">al qualifications</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fram</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">works.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Ch</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s are taking pl</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e. Some countri</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s ha</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e ope</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">up</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">q</span><span class="ff1">ualificati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ns</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adults</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">that were</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">previo</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ly only</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">yo</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">pe</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ple,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">examp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e apprenticesh</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">p initiatives </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">in </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">Italy </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">and </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">he </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">UK. </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">C</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">defop</span><span class="ff1">’</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">rec</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nt</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">han</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">bo</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">k</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">6</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">provid</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">policy</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">idance,</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">outlines</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">ccess</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ctors</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">giv</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">examp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">es</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">good</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ce to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ke c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ntinuing VET and a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">earn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng more attractive,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">accessib</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">high quality.</span><span class="ff1"> T</span><span class="ff1">he co</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">si</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ns agr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Riga</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Ju</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">e 2015</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ke improvi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">acc</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ss</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">VET and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">qualif</span><span class="ff1">ic</span><span class="ff1">ations</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">rou</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">h better</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">uid</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nce a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">va</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">idation of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">on-f</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rmal a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d informal l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ing a pol</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">y priority.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Figure</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">3. </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><b><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Participation of employed adults</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">i</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">n non</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">‐</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">formal employer‐ sponsor</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">e</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">d educ</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">tion and training by occupational</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">group, EU, 20</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1 (</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">%</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">)</span></b></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape  id="_x0000_s1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;left:0;  text-align:left;margin-left:305.8pt;margin-top:-136.6pt;width:241pt;height:136.7pt;  z-index:-251656704;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image013.jpg"   o:title=""></v:imagedata>  <w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Source: </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span></i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">education</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">survey.</span></div><div>  </div><div><br></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1036"  style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:311.45pt;  margin-top:-1.45pt;width:241pt;height:0;z-index:-251658752;  mso-position-horizontal-relative:page' coordorigin="6229,-29" coordsize="4820,0">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1037" style='position:absolute;left:6229;top:-29;width:4820;   height:0' coordorigin="6229,-29" coordsize="4820,0" path="m6229,-29r4821,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#41aadf" strokeweight=".64pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">5</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">C</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">5).</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">Stronger</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">V</span><span class="fs16 ff1">E</span><span class="fs16 ff1">T</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">for</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">better</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">li</span><span class="fs16 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 ff1">es:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">re</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">rt</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span></i></div><div>  </div><div><i><span class="fs16 ff1">VET</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">polic</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">s </span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">010</span><span class="fs16 ff1">-</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">4</span></i><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span></div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">6</span><span class="fs16 ff1">) </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">C</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">4)</span><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">Policy</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">ha</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ook:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">ac</span><span class="fs16 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ss</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">to</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">and</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">parti</span><span class="fs16 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i- pati</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n in CVET</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">in Euro</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span></i><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span>    <br clear="all"><span class="fs9.5 ff2"> </span>  </div><div><span class="ff1">A</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">outlin</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Cedefop’</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">forthcomin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">repor</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">7</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">for continuin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">VE</span><span class="ff1">T </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ul</span><span class="ff1">t </span><span class="ff1">learnin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re accessible</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">nee</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">mor</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">respo</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">siv</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learner an</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">enterpris</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">needs</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">particularl</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ter</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> o</span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1"> timin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">format</span><span class="ff1">.</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">T</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">argue</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">fo</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">aini</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">proache</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">that suppor</span><span class="ff1">t </span><span class="ff1">individualisatio</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">suc</span><span class="ff1">h </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">modu</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">cours</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">that sequenc</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">learnin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">way</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">allo</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">learner</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">to choos</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">thei</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">learnin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">arrangement</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">base</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">on availa</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">lit</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">need</span><span class="ff1">. </span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ployer</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">ca</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">als</span><span class="ff1">o </span><span class="ff1">create learning-conduciv</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">wor</span><span class="ff1">k </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">vironme</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">roug</span><span class="ff1">h </span><span class="ff1">modern wor</span><span class="ff1">k </span><span class="ff1">organisatio</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">tha</span><span class="ff1">t </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">courage</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">tas</span><span class="ff1">k </span><span class="ff1">variet</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">complexity</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">utonom</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">teamwor</span><span class="ff1">k </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">y </span><span class="ff1">using comprehensive</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">forward-lookin</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">huma</span><span class="ff1">n </span><span class="ff1">resource strategie</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">tegrat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">fferen</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">form</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">f</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learnin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Forthcoming </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">findings </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">Cedefop</span><span class="ff1">’</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">European </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">skills and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">j</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(E</span><span class="ff1">S</span><span class="ff1">J</span><span class="ff1">)</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">survey,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">first</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">pa</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">-E</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rop</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">an s</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">rv</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">y on skill mis</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">atch,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">so</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ph</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">sises</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the importance</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of </span><span class="ff1">developi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d </span><span class="ff1">usin</span><span class="ff1">g </span><span class="ff1">employe</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">skill</span><span class="ff1">s </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">th</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">workplac</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">. The</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">survey shows</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">that</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">83</span><span class="ff1">% of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rk</span><span class="ff1">er</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">(</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ged </span><span class="ff1">2</span><span class="ff1">4 to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">65)</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the EU,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">whose skills</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">matched their</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">jobs</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">when they </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">were </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">recruited, </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">ha</span><span class="ff1">v</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">en </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">jobs</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e more</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">difficult;</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">85%</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">have</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">seen</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">tasks</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">e more vari</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d. H</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">wever, 2</span><span class="ff1">5</span><span class="ff1">%</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult workers say</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">at they</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">und</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">se</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">their</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">skills, despite</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">their</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">qualificatio</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">s matchi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">the</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">job.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">T</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ESJ</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">so</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">fin</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">hat</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">job stabil</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ty lea</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s to cont</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">nued</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">skill formation.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Incr</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">as</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">j</span><span class="ff1">ob-relat</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d work-b</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d learning for unemp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">oyed adults could help</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">address</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ineq</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">alities. Such</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">arr</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">ements,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">he</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">form</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">apprenticesh</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ps and pl</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">ents, are a</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ready com</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">on for you</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g peop</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">e.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Th</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">y could</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">be</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">expan</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">unemp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">oy</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d adults</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">art</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">of</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">tive</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">bour</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rket polic</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">es. This appro</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ch</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">ma</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">also</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">al</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">gn more cl</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ely the</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">skills of unemp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">oyed</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adults</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">bour</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">arket</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">nee</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">s.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">It</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">may</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">also give </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nter</span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">rises a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">urce for n</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">w recruits (</span><span class="fs6.5 ff1">8</span><span class="ff1">).</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Figure</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">4. </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><b><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Participation rates of adults</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">in n</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">o</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">n</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">‐</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">formal job</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">‐</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">rel</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ted </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">educa</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">t</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">io</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">n</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">n</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">d</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">t</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">r</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">ainin</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">g</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">b</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">y</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">l</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">bou</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">r</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">m</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">rke</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">t</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">st</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">a</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">t</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">u</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">s</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">,</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">EU</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">,</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">2</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">0</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">(</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">%</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">)</span></b></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape  id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:240.75pt;height:90pt'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.jpg"   o:title=""></v:imagedata> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></div><div>  </div><div><i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Sourc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">e</span></i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">: </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Adult</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">education</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">survey.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">7</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Cedefop (for</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">coming).</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">C</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">nt</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">nu</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ng VET</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">in</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Euro</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">: the </span><span class="fs16 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">y ahe</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span></i><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">8</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">C</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">(</span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">01</span><span class="fs16 ff1">3</span><span class="fs16 ff1">).</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><i><span class="fs16 ff1">Retu</span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">to </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">rk:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">rk-based</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">lea</span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ng and</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">he</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">in</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">egrat</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">on </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">of</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">m</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">loy</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">ad</span><span class="fs16 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 ff1">lts</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">into </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">the la</span><span class="fs16 ff1">b</span><span class="fs16 ff1">our</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">market.</span></i></div><div>  <br clear="all"><span class="fs16 ff2"> </span>  </div><div><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Figure</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">5. </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><b><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">Obstacles to providing training, EU, </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">(</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">%</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">of non</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">‐</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">training entrepris</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">e</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">s) multiple</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">an</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">s</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">wers,</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">20</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">1</span><span class="fs8.5 cf2 ff3">0</span></b></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027"  type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:240.75pt;height:130.5pt'>  <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.jpg"   o:title=""></v:imagedata> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></div><div>  </div><div><i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Sourc</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">e</span></i><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">: </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">Continuing</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">vocational</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">training</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff3">survey.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><span class="ff1">Conti</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">uing</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">V</span><span class="ff1">ET</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">adult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">are</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">delivered</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">by </span><span class="ff1">differen</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">itution</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">usin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">variou</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">format</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">an</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">settin</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">s. </span><span class="ff1">Co</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">quentl</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">chan</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">es</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">make</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">learn</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re attractive,</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">incl</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ive</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">cess</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ble</span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">qu</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">re com</span><span class="ff1">m</span><span class="ff1">un</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">cat</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">on,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rdi</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ation</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">and</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">ere</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">at</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd across </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">ati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">nal, </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">reg</span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">ona</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">, </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">local </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">and </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">ctor </span><span class="ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="ff1">leve</span><span class="ff1">ls</span><span class="ff1">, involving</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">all</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">stake</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">old</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rs.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">Social</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rtn</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">rs</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">have</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">k</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">y role.</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">T</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">ey</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">are</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">b</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">st</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">pl</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">co</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">r</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">ge</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">at the workp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">ace and to arr</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nge work or</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1">anisation a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d worki</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">time</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">to</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">make</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">p</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rticipati</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ntinuing</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">VET and a</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ult learning e</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">si</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r.</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16">&nbsp;</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1042" style='position:absolute;  left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:308.65pt;margin-top:178.65pt;width:256.85pt;  height:27.55pt;z-index:-251654656;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'  coordorigin="6173,3573" coordsize="5137,551">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1043" style='position:absolute;left:6202;top:4118;   width:5102;height:0' coordorigin="6202,4118" coordsize="5102,0" path="m6202,4118r5102,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#3a95c8" strokeweight=".58pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><v:shape id="_x0000_s1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='position:absolute;   left:6116;top:3573;width:5066;height:540'>   <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\CHRIS\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.png"    o:title=""></v:imagedata>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="ff1">Devel</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">pmen</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">in</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">dult</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">ar</span><span class="ff1">ning sh</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">w</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">at,</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">although </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">n import</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nt, useful a</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d con</span><span class="ff1">t</span><span class="ff1">emp</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">rary </span><span class="ff1">i</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">icator, t</span><span class="ff1">h</span><span class="ff1">e </span><span class="ff1">E</span><span class="ff1">U be</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">chm</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rk</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">for</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">lifel</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">ng</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">le</span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">rni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g sh</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">uld be comp</span><span class="ff1">l</span><span class="ff1">em</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">nt</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">d with m</span><span class="ff1">o</span><span class="ff1">re </span><span class="ff1">d</span><span class="ff1">ata and </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nal</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">is from oth</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">r </span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">urve</span><span class="ff1">y</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">, to gain better in</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ights</span><span class="ff1"> </span><span class="ff1">on how attra</span><span class="ff1">c</span><span class="ff1">tive, incl</span><span class="ff1">u</span><span class="ff1">s</span><span class="ff1">ive, accessible </span><span class="ff1">a</span><span class="ff1">nd flexible adult l</span><span class="ff1">e</span><span class="ff1">arni</span><span class="ff1">n</span><span class="ff1">g is.</span></div><div>  </div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>  </div><div><b><span class="fs16 ff1">B</span></b><b><span class="fs16 ff1">ri</span></b><b><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">f</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">g </span><span class="fs16 ff1">not</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span></b><span class="fs16 ff1">– 9</span><span class="fs16 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 ff1">99</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">EN Cat.</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">No:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">TI-</span><span class="fs16 ff1">B</span><span class="fs16 ff1">B-15</span><span class="fs16 ff1">-</span><span class="fs16 ff1">004-EN-N</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">ISBN</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">9</span><span class="fs16 ff1">78-92-8</span><span class="fs16 ff1">9</span><span class="fs16 ff1">6-</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">762-8,</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">do</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">:</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">0.28</span><span class="fs16 ff1">01</span><span class="fs16 ff1">/</span><span class="fs16 ff1">643324</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Cop</span><span class="fs16 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 ff1">right</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">©</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Eu</span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ean</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Ce</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">re for the De</span><span class="fs16 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 ff1">elopment</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">of V</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">cat</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">onal</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Tr</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ining</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(Cedefop</span><span class="fs16 ff1">)</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, 2015</span></div><div>  </div><div><u><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">All</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">rig</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ts</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">eser</span><span class="fs16 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ed. </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></u><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">Briefing</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ublished</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">in Engl</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, Frenc</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, Germa</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, Greek, Italia</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">,</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Polis</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, Portugu</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">se and</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Spa</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">is</span><span class="fs16 ff1">h</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, and the</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">EU Preside</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">cy</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">cou</span><span class="fs16 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 ff1">tr</span><span class="fs16 ff1">y</span><span class="fs16 ff1">’s</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">langu</span><span class="fs16 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ge.</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1040" style='position:absolute;  left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:49.6pt;margin-top:12.85pt;width:241pt;  height:0;z-index:-251655680;mso-position-horizontal-relative:page'  coordorigin="992,257" coordsize="4820,0">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1041" style='position:absolute;left:992;top:257;width:4820;   height:0' coordorigin="992,257" coordsize="4820,0" path="m992,257r4821,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#41aadf" strokeweight=".64pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">To</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">rec</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">them</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">gularly</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e-mail </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t:</span></u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">bri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">fingn</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">@</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ce</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">efo</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">europ</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.eu</span><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Other bri</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">fing n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">n</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">d</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">Ced</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">fop pub</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ications</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">are </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">:</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">htt</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">://</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.cedefo</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.europ</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">u</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">/</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">EN/</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ub</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ications.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">spx</span><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></u></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">P.</span><span class="fs16 ff1">O</span><span class="fs16 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">B</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ox</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">22427,</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">5</span><span class="fs16 ff1">5</span><span class="fs16 ff1">102</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Th</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ssa</span><span class="fs16 ff1">l</span><span class="fs16 ff1">oniki, Greece</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Europe 123,</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">570</span><span class="fs16 ff1">0</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1 Thessalon</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">k</span><span class="fs16 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 ff1">, Gre</span><span class="fs16 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 ff1">ce</span></div><div>  </div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Tel.</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">+30 2310</span><span class="fs16 ff1">4</span><span class="fs16 ff1">90</span><span class="fs16 ff1">1</span><span class="fs16 ff1">11,</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">Fax</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">+30</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">2</span><span class="fs16 ff1">3</span><span class="fs16 ff1">10</span><span class="fs16 ff1">4</span><span class="fs16 ff1">90020</span></div><div>  </div><div><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:group id="_x0000_s1045"  style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:310.1pt;  margin-top:9.2pt;width:255.1pt;height:0;z-index:-251653632;  mso-position-horizontal-relative:page' coordorigin="6202,184" coordsize="5102,0">  <v:shape id="_x0000_s1046" style='position:absolute;left:6202;top:184;width:5102;   height:0' coordorigin="6202,184" coordsize="5102,0" path="m6202,184r5102,e"   filled="f" strokecolor="#3a95c8" strokeweight=".58pt">   <v:path arrowok="t"></v:path>  </v:shape><w:wrap anchorx="page"></w:wrap> </v:group><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">E-mail:</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">info</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">@</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">c</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ed</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">fop.euro</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">a.eu</span></div><div>  </div><div><b><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">v</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">s</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">i</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">t</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ur</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">p</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">o</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">r</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ta</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">l</span></u></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">ww</span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">w</span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span></b><b><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">cedefop</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.e</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">uropa</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">.</span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">eu</span></b><b><u><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 cf2 ff1">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></u></b></div><div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Thu, 13 Aug 2015 14:59:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=e6ah2sy7</link>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[ Η CREATIVE NETWORK GROUP ΣΑΣ ΕΥΧΕΤΑΙ ΚΑΛΟ ΚΑΛΟΚΑΙΡΙ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=Holiday_Greetings_"><![CDATA[Holiday Greetings ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_h4b9s663"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/Summer-holidays.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2015 13:06:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=h4b9s663</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/rss/h4b9s663</guid>
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			<title><![CDATA[ΜΗΝ ΧΑΣΕΤΑΙ ΤΟ ΤΡΑΙΝΟ ΤΟY E-COMMERCE]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=e-business"><![CDATA[e-business]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_9k4587d7"><div><span class="fs13">ΕΞΟΠΛΙΣΤΕΙΤΕ  ΜΕ ΟΛΑ ΤΑ ΕΡΓΑΛΕΙΑ E-Business ΚΑΙ ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΤΕΙΤΕ  ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΑ&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs13">ΤΗΝ ΔΙΚΗ ΣΑΣ ΕΠΙΧΕΙΡΗΣΗ&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs13">&nbsp;</span><br></div><div><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/MISSED-THE-TRAIN-24919148664.jpg"  title="" alt=""/>&nbsp;<span class="fs64">ΟΧΙ</span><br></div><div><img class="image-1" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/e-business-1.jpg"  title="" alt=""/>&nbsp;<span class="fs88">ναι&nbsp;</span><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2015 18:07:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=9k4587d7</link>
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			<title><![CDATA[e-Business]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=e-business"><![CDATA[e-business]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_t4dcvmxb"><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation" style="text-align: left;"><span class="ff1"><span class="fs16">Το ηλεκτρονικό εμπόρι</span><span class="fs16">ο αναφέρεται σε ένα ευρύ φάσμα online δραστηριοτήτων για τα προϊόντα και </span></span></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation" style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs16 ff1"><span style="line-height: 23px;">υπηρεσίες . </span><span style="line-height: 23px;">Αφορά επίσης «κάθε μορφή επιχειρηματικής συναλλαγής </span><span style="line-height: 23px;">στην οποία τα μέρη επικοινωνούν </span></span></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation" style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs16 ff1"><span style="line-height: 23px;">ηλεκτρονικά και όχι </span><span style="line-height: 23px;">από φυσικές ανταλλαγές ή άμεση φυσική επαφή . &nbsp;</span></span></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation"><a href="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/contact-us.html" class="imCssLink fleft inline-block" onclick="return x5engine.utils.location('http://www.cng.webgofast.com/contact-us.html', null, false)"><img class="image-0 fleft" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/Plan-b.jpg"  title="" alt=""/></a><div><div style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs16 ff1">Οι Τάσεις γιά αγορές On-Line &nbsp;αυξάνωνται και η ανάγκη των </span></div></div></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation" style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs16 ff1">μικρομεσαίων επειχηρήσεων για αλλαγή και αναβάθμιση, μεθόδων </span></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation" style="text-align: left;"><span class="fs16 ff1">ηλεκτονικών συναλλάγών &nbsp;είναι πλαίον θέμα επιβίωσης. </span></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation"><br></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation"><img class="image-1 fleft" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/eMarketer-Global-E-Commerce-Sales-2013-2018-July2014.png"  title="" alt=""/><br></pre><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation"><br></pre></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2015 17:24:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<title><![CDATA[ΕΦΡΜΟΓΗ CRM ΣΤΑ ΜΕΤΡΑ ΤΟΥ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΥ (ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑΣ)]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_42w2gseu"><span class="fs29 ff1">Μου είπαν είναι το καλυτερο Λογισμικό CRM αλλά ;;</span><div><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/uneven.jpg"  title="" alt=""/>&nbsp; &nbsp;<img class="image-1" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/big-shoes.jpg"  title="" alt=""/><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2015 14:16:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=42w2gseu</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/rss/42w2gseu</guid>
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			<title><![CDATA[DMAIC ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ  -   Η ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ ΣΙΓΜΑ ΓΙΑ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΟΡΙΣΜΟ ΣΦΑΛΜΑΤΩΝ ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_63k6mk2s"><span class="fs16 ff1">1.Define high-level project goals and the current processes. </span><div><span class="fs16 ff1">   (ΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΣΤΟΧΩΝ ΣΤΙΣ ΥΦΙΣΤΑΜΕΝΕΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ)</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">2.Measure key aspects of the current processes and collect relevant data. </span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">( ΜΕΤΡΗΣΗ  ΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΤΙΚΩΝ  ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΩΝ  ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΒΕΒΕΩΣΗ ΜΕ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΗ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ )</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">3.Analyze the data to verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. </span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1"> (ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΔΙΕΥΡΈΥΝΗΣΗ ΑΙΤΙΩΝ ΠΟΥ ΕΥΘΥΝΩΝΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΕΛΑΤΩΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ  ΤΗΣ  ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ )</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">4.Improve or optimize the process based upon data analysis using various tools</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">   (ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΑΝΑΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΑΣ)</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">5.Control to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in defects. </span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">(ΕΛΕΓΧΟΣ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΚΛΕΙΣΕΩΝ ΛΑΘΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΑΠΟΦΥΓΗ ΒΛΑΒΩΝ )</span></div><div><br></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2015 14:10:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=63k6mk2s</link>
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			<title><![CDATA[CRM - ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ RACI ΚΑΘΟΡΙΣΜΟΣ ΡΟΛΩΝ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_jxw7ncaf"><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/RACI.png"  title="" alt=""/></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2015 17:03:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=jxw7ncaf</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/rss/jxw7ncaf</guid>
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			<title><![CDATA[ΕΛΕΞΕΤΑΙ ΠΡΩΤΑ ΤΙΣ ΕΣΩΤΕΡΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΔΙΚΑΣΙΕΣ  ΣΑΣ - 6 ΣΙΓΜΑ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_8jt6dyk3"><span class="fs16 ff1">ΜΕΔΟΔΟΣ 6-ΣΙΓΜΑ&nbsp;</span><div><br></div><div><img class="image-0" src="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/images/6-SIGMA.png"  title="" alt=""/><br><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2015 16:57:00 GMT</pubDate>
			<link>http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/?id=8jt6dyk3</link>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/rss/8jt6dyk3</guid>
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			<title><![CDATA[CRM ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ ΑΠΑΙΤΕΙ  ΣΩΣΤΟ ΣΧΕΔΙΑΣΜΟ  ΚΑΙ ΣΥΝΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΕΝΤΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΥ]]></title>
			<author><![CDATA[CHRIS LAZARIDES ]]></author>
			<category domain="http://www.cng.webgofast.com/blog/index.php?category=CRM_"><![CDATA[CRM ]]></category>
			<category>imblog</category>
			<description><![CDATA[<div id="imBlogPost_84mr2yzn"><pre data-fulltext="" data-placeholder="Translation"><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Τα </span><span class="fs16 ff1">συστήματα διαχείρισης πελατειακών σχέσεων ( CRM ) </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">σε αντίθεση με τις περισσότερες</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">άλλες </span><span class="fs16 ff1">επιχειρηματικές εφαρμογές </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;(Ms office , Λογιστικά προγράμματα κτλ.)</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">σαν λογισμικά από μόνα τους, ελάχιστα&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">μπορούν να</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">βελτιώσουν την επιχείρησή σας.</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Για </span><span class="fs16 ff1">χρόνια οι εταιρίες που παρέχουν συστήματα </span><span class="fs16 ff1">CRM</span><span class="fs16 ff1"> </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">στις διαφημιστικές </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">τους εκστρατείες</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">διαιωνίζουν μια σχεδόν μαγική αύρα γύρω από </span><span class="fs16 ff1">το CRM ; και πολλές εταιρείες έμμεσα&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">πιστεύουν ότι η ίδια η εφαρμογή μπορεί να </span><span class="fs16 ff1">επηρεάσει καλύτερα τις πωλήσεις ή τις&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">υπηρεσίες τους .</span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Αναμφισβήτητα, </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">μια υψηλής απόδοσης , καλά υλοποιημένο </span><span class="fs16 ff1">σύστημα CRM είναι απαραίτητη&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">για την τελικήεπιτυχία , είναι η χρήση της </span><span class="fs16 ff1">εφαρμογής CRM που οδηγεί σε βελτίωση των&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">επιχειρήσεων. </span></div><div><br></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Έτσι, ενώ οι εταιρείες αρχίζουν πάντα με καλή πίστη την εφαρμογή ενός συστήματος </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">CRM&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">και με τις καλύτερες προθέσεις , οι εμμέσως υψηλές προσδοκίες και στόχοι που ποθούν,&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">συχνά δεν</span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp; </span><span class="fs16 ff1">συνάδουν , με ένα ρεαλιστικό χρονοδιάγραμμα και σχέδιο για να περάσει σε&nbsp;</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">ολόκληρο τον οργανισμό μια πελατοκεντρική </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">εταιρική κουλτούρα και να εξασφάλιση </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">την</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">υποστήριξη των βασικών </span><span class="fs16 ff1">&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">τμημάτων / χρηστών , όπως οι πωλήσεις , Marketing και</span></div><div><span class="fs16 ff1">Υποστήριξη&nbsp;</span><span class="fs16 ff1">Πελατών.</span></div></pre></div>]]></description>
			<pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2015 15:37:00 GMT</pubDate>
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